Therein the basics of combat were described and, in some cases, depicted. The German school of swordsmanship includes the earliest known longsword Fechtbuch, a manual from approximately , known as GNM a.

This manual, unfortunately for modern scholars, was written in obscure verse. It was through students of Liechtenauer, like Sigmund Ringeck , who transcribed the work into more understandable prose [20] that the system became notably more codified and understandable.

The Italian school of swordsmanship was the other primary school of longsword use. The manuscript by Fiore dei Liberi presents a variety of uses for the longsword.

Like the German manuals, the weapon is most commonly depicted and taught with both hands on the hilt. However, a section on one-handed use is among the volume and demonstrates the techniques and advantages, such as sudden additional reach, of single-handed longsword play.

Both schools declined in the late 16th century, with the later Italian masters forgoing the longsword and focusing primarily on rapier fencing.

The last known German manual to include longsword teaching was that of Jakob Sutor , published in In Italy, spadone , or longsword, instruction lingered on despite the popularity of the rapier, at least into the midth century Alfieri's Lo Spadone of , with a late treatise of the "two handed sword" by one Giuseppe Colombani , a dentist in Venice dating to A tradition of teaching based on this has survived in contemporary French and Italian stick fighting.

The lack of significant torso and limb protection leads to the use of a large amount of cutting and slicing techniques in addition to thrusts. These techniques could be nearly instantly fatal or incapacitating, as a thrust to the skull, heart, or major blood vessel would cause massive trauma.

Similarly, strong strikes could cut through skin and bone, effectively amputating limbs. The hands and forearms are a frequent target of some cuts and slices in a defensive or offensive manoeuvre, serving both to disable an opponent and align the swordsman and his weapon for the next attack.

Harnischfechten , or "armoured fighting" German kampffechten , or Fechten in Harnisch zu Fuss , literally "fighting in armour on foot" , depicts fighting in full plate armour.

The increased defensive capability of a man clad in full plate armour caused the use of the sword to be drastically changed.

While slashing attacks were still moderately effective against infantry wearing half-plate armour, cutting and slicing attacks against an opponent wearing plate armour were almost entirely ineffective in providing any sort of slashing wound as the sword simply could not cut through the steel, although a combatant could aim for the chinks in a suit of armour, sometimes to great effect.

The later hardened plate armours, complete with ridges and roping, posed a threat against the careless attacker.

It is considered possible for strong blows of the sword against plate armour to damage the blade of the sword, potentially rendering it much less effective at cutting and producing only a concussive effect against the armoured opponent.

To overcome this problem, swords began to be used primarily for thrusting. The weapon was used in the half-sword, with one or both hands on the blade.

Also, the hand on the blade increases its rigidity which is advantageous when thrusting. This technique combines the use of the sword with wrestling, providing opportunities to trip, disarm, break, or throw an opponent and place them in a less offensively and defensively capable position.

During half-swording, the entirety of the sword works as a weapon, including the pommel and crossguard. One example how a sword can be used this way is to thrust the tip of the crossguard at the opponent's head right after parrying a stroke.

Another technique would be the Mordstreich lit. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Montante. For other uses, see Longsword disambiguation.

Type of Sword two-handed, double-edged. Further information: Historical fencing. Main article: German school of fencing.

Swords and Swordsmen. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Archived from the original on 19 July Retrieved 1 December Le Duchat, Jacob ed.

Oeuvres in French. Archived from the original on 7 January Retrieved 4 October Vienna: Hieronymus Vietor. Retrieved 5 January Principles of Stage Combat.

Clark Publications. A Complete Bibliography of Fencing and Duelling. Montante Non Surgical Services Dr. Montante Surgical Services Montante Plastic Surgery and Aesthetics is the culmination of multiple talents that have come together to provide comprehensive aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the face, breast, and body.

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